The Context of a Choice - How Policy can Impact Individual Decisions to Call 911 in Overdose Encounters - SBM 2025 Citations

 Poster presented at the Society of Behavioral Medicine

San Francisco, CA; March 2025

1. Spencer MR, Garnett M, Miniño A. Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States, 2002–2022. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2024.

2. Total Drug Overdose Deaths by Race/Ethnicity. KFF. Accessed June 12, 2024. https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/drug-overdose-death-rate-per-100000-population-by-race-ethnicity/

   
   

3. Hamilton L, Davis CS, Kravitz-Wirtz N, Ponicki W, Cerdá M. Good Samaritan laws and overdose mortality in the United States in the fentanyl era. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2021;97:103294. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103294

   
   

4. McClellan C, Lambdin BH, Ali MM, et al. Opioid-overdose laws association with opioid use and overdose mortality. Addictive Behaviors. 2018;86:90-95. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.014

   
   

5. Bradner K, Schiraldi V, Mejia N, Lopoo E. Analysis of Probation and Parole in the United States, 2017-2018. Published online August 2020.

   
   

6. Mauer M, Ghandnoosh N. Incorporating Racial Equity into Criminal Justice Reform. The Sentencing Project; 2014. Accessed May 20, 2024. https://www.safetyandjusticechallenge.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/incorporating-racial-equity-into-criminal-justice-reform.pdf

   
   

7. Edwards F, Lee H, Esposito M. Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race–ethnicity, and sex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116(34):16793-16798. doi:10.1073/pnas.1821204116

   
   

8. Ramanathan T, Hulkower R, Holbrook J, Penn M. Legal Epidemiology: The Science of Law. J Law Med Ethics. 2017;45(1 Suppl):69-72. doi:10.1177/1073110517703329

   
   

9. Aarons-Law-Primer.pdf. Accessed May 13, 2024. https://www.in.gov/health/overdose-prevention/files/Aarons-Law-Primer.pdf

   
   

10. DRUG OVERDOSE PREVENTION NEWSCAST. Indiana Department of Health. November 1, 2021. Accessed May 13, 2024. https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/INSDH/bulletins/2fb6975

    
    

11. 2024 Indiana Code :: Title 16. Health :: Article 42. Regulation of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics :: Chapter 27. Drugs: Overdose Intervention Drugs :: 16-42-27-2. Prescribing or Dispensing of Overdose Intervention Drug Without Examination; Requirements; Administration of Drug; Exemption From Practice of Medicine; Entities Acting Under Standing Order; Statewide Standing Order; Immunity From Prosecution. Justia Law. February 21, 2025. Accessed February 14, 2025. https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-16/article-42/chapter-27/section-16-42-27-2/

    
    

12. 2024 Indiana Code :: Title 16. Health :: Article 42. Regulation of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics :: Chapter 27. Drugs: Overdose Intervention Drugs :: 16-42-27-3. Immunity of Provider, Pharmacist, Individual, Entity. Justia Law. February 21, 2025. Accessed February 14, 2025. https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-16/article-42/chapter-27/section-16-42-27-3/

    
    

13. Karen Glanz, Barbara K. Rimer, K. Viswanath. Health Behavior: Theory, Research, and Practice. 5th ed. Jossey-Bass; 2015.